NLR

The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio captures the balance between innate (neutrophils) and adaptive (lymphocytes) immunity. Chronically elevated NLR is linked to accelerated biological aging, cardiovascular disease, cancer risk, and all-cause mortality.

Chronic psychological stress, obesity, smoking, poor sleep, autoimmune conditions, occult infection, malignancy. Corticosteroid therapy is a major iatrogenic cause. Low NLR: viral infection or bone marrow suppression.

Asymptomatic at moderate elevation. Very high values reflect systemic inflammation that may manifest as fatigue, frequent infection, or slow healing.

Mediterranean pattern and omega-3 supplementation reduce chronic neutrophilia. Stress management, sleep optimisation, and regular aerobic exercise normalise NLR.

Ultra-processed foods, trans fats, and excess sugar drive low-grade inflammation and sustain neutrophil dominance.